Day 4: Gravity and Orbits
STEP 1: Now that you’ve explored case studies, discussed communication delays, and developed AI models for astronaut health, we’re shifting focus to a larger-scale concept: gravity and orbits. A strong understanding of gravitational forces is essential for planning space missions—especially when traveling to regions where the Sun’s pull is different.
Use the PhET Gravity and Orbits simulation to explore how gravity affects the motion of planets, moons, and satellites. The simulation is embedded below for easy access. Take some time to play around with it before we begin specific analysis for Mission Control training.
Link: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/gravity-and-orbits
STEP 2: Use the PhET Simulation. Make sure to click Gravity Force, Velocity and Path and make sure Gravity is checked On. Run several simulations, changing parameters as you go. See image below and answer the questions below on a separate sheet of paper with your team/partner.
- In what direction does gravity pull on an orbiting object like a planet or satellite?
- What direction is the object’s velocity (its movement) as it orbits?
- Turn gravity off. What happens to the orbiting object? Why do you think this happens?
- Increase the mass of the Sun. What happens to Earth’s orbit? How would this affect a space mission?
- Decrease the mass of the Sun. What changes do you see in Earth’s orbit? What might this mean for long-range space travel?
- Increase the Earth’s mass and decrease the Sun’s mass. What do you observe? What might this mean for keeping Earth in a stable orbit?
- Move a satellite closer to and then farther from the object it orbits. What changes do you notice? Why does this matter when placing satellites or planning missions?
- Do you think changing only the satellite’s mass will affect its orbit?
(Choose one) Yes / No - Now test it—change only the satellite’s mass. What do you see happen?
- Try a new combination of changes to create an unusual or surprising orbit. What did you change, and what were the results?
STEP 3: Using the QR code below, submit a paragraph that summarizes what you learned about gravity and orbits, and how this knowledge relates to the role of Mission Control in planning and managing space missions. In the “Subject” area, include your first name and/or your team members’ names. Click here to see all summaries.
