Air Cannon Experimentation Variables

Finding the Best Launch Angle

Goal

Test how launch angles affect projectile distance using scientific method, making predictions and collecting data.

Steps

  1. Make Predictions:

    • Discuss which angle you think will achieve maximum distance
    • Explain your reasoning
  2. Plan Experiment:

    • Select specific angles to test (low/medium/high)
    • Determine number of trials per angle
    • Keep all other variables constant
  3. Collect Data:

    • Measure angles precisely
    • Record distances in your data table
    • Complete multiple trials for reliability
  4. Reflect: Compare results to your initial prediction and explain why angle affects distance

Use this sheet to collect your data

Projectile Properties & Data Visualization

Purpose

Test how different projectiles affect flight performance and learn to create graphs that reveal patterns in your collected data.

Activity Steps

  1. Select Test Projectiles:

    • Brainstorm safe, cannon-compatible alternatives to the foam ball
    • Choose 1-2 different projectiles for comparative testing
  2. Design Fair Experiments:

    • Maintain consistent variables (same pressure and angle) for valid comparisons
    • Record distance measurements for each projectile type
  3. Create Data Visualizations:

    • Learn to make a scatter plot using your angle vs. distance data
    • Analyze your graph to identify patterns and relationships
  4. Extension: Design your own custom projectiles using simple materials to explore how shape influences flight characteristics.

Video Analysis for Measuring Projectile Speed

Purpose

You’ll use slow-motion video with a measurement grid to calculate your projectile’s velocity, then analyze all collected data to draw meaningful conclusions about your air cannon’s performance.

Activity Steps

  1. Setup the Timing Grid: Position the 1-inch striped backdrop behind your launch area

  2. Record in Slow-Motion: Capture several launches at specific pressure/angle settings

  3. Video Analysis:

    • Measure distance traveled (in grid stripes/inches)
    • Count frames it takes to travel that distance
    • Note your phone’s slow-motion frame rate (fps)
  4. Calculate Velocity: Average Velocity = Distance Traveled ÷ Time Elapsed Time Elapsed = Number of Frames ÷ Slow-Motion FPS

  5. Analyze All Data:

    • Examine relationships between pressure, barrel length, angle, projectile type, distance, and velocity
    • Identify which factors most significantly impact performance
    • Consider measurement challenges and their effects on accuracy
  6. Alternative: use the FizziQ app to calculate the velocity.
 
 

Discussion Point

How do scientists and engineers use similar video analysis techniques to study motion in professional settings?

Present your findings

Made with Padlet